Tuesday, 30 December 2014

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Tuesday, 14 October 2014

Important Financial Organizations & their foundation

Important Financial Organizations & their foundation
1955: Industrial credit and Investment Corporation India Ltd(ICICI)
1962: Deposit Insurance Corporation
1963: Agricultural Refinance Corporation
1964: Unit Trust of India
1964: Industrial Development Bank of India
1969: National Institute of Bank Management
1971: Credit Guarantee Corporation
1978: Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation (The DIC and
CGC were merged and renamed as DICGC)
1982: National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development
1982: Export-Import Bank of India
1987: Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research
1988: Discount and Finance House of India
1988: National Housing Bank
1990: Small Industries Development Bank of India
1994: Securities Trading Corporation of India
1995: Bharatiya Reserve Bank Note Mudran Private Limited
1996: Institute for Development & Research in Banking Technology
2001: Clearing Corporation of India Limited
2008: National Payments Corporation of India
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Rajpoot

The Two World Wars[edit]

Most of the Rajput battalions saw action during World War 1. The 1st Battalion fought at the Battle of Dujailah in Mesopatamia, where it was nearly annihilated. The 3rd Battalion fought the Battles of Qurna and Kut-al-Amara against the Turks. In one of the battles the Turks had invaded both the flanks of the 3rd Rajput, during which Jemadar Sital Baksh was severely wounded. Sepoy Jhandu Singh rushed to his rescue, the Jemadar ordered him to leave him behind but the sepoy lifted him on his back and started moving through the marshlands. Soon both the rescuer and the rescued became targets of the Turks and were riddled with bullets. Sepoy Jhandu Singh was awarded a posthumous IOM and Médaille militaire. A large number of other awards and battle honours were won by the Rajputs and at the end of WW1, a total of 37 battle honours were on the colours of the Rajputs, which exceeded that of any other regiment of the Indian Army.
In 1922 the infantry regiments of the British Indian Army were reorganised and all the Rajput regiments (with the exception of 13th (Shekhawati) Rajput Infantry, which became the 10th battalion of the 6th Rajputana Rifles) were amalgamated to become battalions of the new 7th Rajput Regiment (which in 1947 was renamed the Rajput Regiment) as follows:
  • 1st Battalion:
predecessor units:
2nd Battalion, 15th Bengal Native Infantry (1798 - 1857)
31st Bengal Native Infantry (1857 - 1861)
2nd Bengal Native Light Infantry (1861 - 1876)
2nd (The Queen's Own) Bengal Native Light Infantry (1876 - 1897)
2nd (The Queen's Own) Rajput Bengal Light Native Infantry (1897 - 1901)
2nd (The Queen's Own) Rajput Light Infantry (1901 - 1911)
2nd Queen Victoria's Own Rajput Light Infantry (1911 - 1922)
  • 2nd Battalion:
predecessor units:
2nd Battalion, 16th Bengal Native Infantry (1798 - 1824)
33rd Bengal Native Infantry (1824 - 1861)
4th Bengal Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry (1861 - 1890)
4th (Prince Albert Victor's) Bengal Infantry (1890 - 1897)
4th (Prince Albert Victor's) Rajput Regiment, Bengal Infantry (1897 - 1901)
4th Prince Albert Victor's Rajputs (1901 - 1922)
  • 3rd Battalion:
predecessor units:
1st Battalion, 24th Bengal Native Infantry (1798 - 1824)
69th Bengal Native Infantry (1824 - 1828)
47th Bengal Native Infantry (1828 - 1861)
7th Bengal Native Infantry (1861 - 1883)
7th (Duke of Connaught's Own) Bengal Native Infantry (1883 - 1893)
7th (Duke of Connaught's Own) Rajput Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry (1893 - 1903)
7th (Duke of Connaught's Own) Rajput Infantry (1903 - 1922)
  • 4th Battalion:
predecessor units:
1st Battalion, 30th Bengal Native Infantry (1798 - 1824)
59th Bengal Native Infantry (1824 - 1861)
8th Bengal Native Infantry (1861 - 1897)
8th (Rajput) Bengal Infantry (1897 - 1901)
8th Rajput Infantry (1901 - 1922)
  • 5th Battalion:
predecessor units:
2nd Extra Battalion, Bengal Native Infantry (1825 - 1828)
70th Bengal Native Infantry (1828 - 1861)
11th Bengal Native Infantry (1861 - 1885)
11th Bengal Infantry (1885 - 1897)
11th (Rajput) Bengal Infantry (1897 - 1901)
11th Rajput Infantry (1901 - 1922)
  • 10th (Training) Battalion:
predecessor units:
Regiment of Lucknow from loyal elements of the 13th, 48th and 71st Bengal Native Infantry (1857 - 1861)
16th Bengal Native Infantry (1861 - 1864)
16th (The Lucknow) Bengal Native Infantry (1864 - 1885)
16th (The Lucknow) Bengal Infantry (1885 - 1897)
16th (The Lucknow) Rajput Bengal Infantry (1897 - 1901)
16th Rajput Infantry (The Lucknow Regiment) (1901 - 1922)
Also the one class character of most of the infantry regiments were changed and the Rajputs introduced a company each of Punjabi Musalmans and Hindustani Musalmans in each of their battalions.
Between the world wars, the battalions had many postings. In the late 1930s, the 3rd Battalion, styled 3/7 Rajput, was posted to Waziristan in what is now the tribal areas of Pakistan. During that time, they were employed against Afghan insurgents and criminal gangs raiding across the border.
A number of Rajput regiments participated in World War 2:
The 1st Battalion was in the Arakan during the Burma campaign and then took over the defence of Andaman & Nicobar Islands.
The 2nd Battalion was also in the Arakan area and a number of actions were fought by it. The capture of Point 551, also called Rajput Hill was the most important. The Japanese holding this feature had turned back repeated attacks by other battalions but the Rajputs carried the day winning an IOM, five MC's and two MM's for this action.
The 3rd Battalion shipped by convoy to Egypt in August and September 1940. Their convoy was attacked several times by Italian bombers operating out of Ethiopia. The Battalion Bren guns were deployed for air defense and on one occasion are believed to have brought down an Italian aircraft. The Battalion was at Suez and Egypt and was sent to defend Cyprus after the German attack on Crete as part of Indian 5th Infantry Division's 161 Indian Infantry Brigade. Here, they were mainly used in an anti-parachute role, supported by elements of Australian armour. Later, they returned to Egypt and participated in fierce fighting around Deir el Shein and Ruweisat Ridge including a particularly difficult offensive on 21/22 July 1942 where they lost many casualties including the CO. Later in the year they participated in the Second Battle of El Alamein.
The 4th was also in the Western Desert Campaign at Sidi Barrani and El Alamein and on its return to India was posted to theKohima front.
The 5th Battalion was in the Battle of Hong Kong. The action against the invading Japanese was short and swift with heavy casualties to the regiment. The regiment along with the British garrison was forced to surrender and the men became POWsand had to undergo great hardships. 130 men of the 5th Rajput were either beaten or starved to death or just died because lack of medical care. The Japanese wanted Captain M.A. Ansari of 5th Rajput to renounce his allegiance to the British, but he refused. For five months he was subjected to brutal beatings and treatment, as a result of which he could not walk. He was then sent to live with the other ranks instead of the officers. Captain Ansari remained true to the regiment and organised a system for helping escapees. He was again put in jail and tortured but refused to be broken. In the end the Japanese executed him. Captain M.A. Ansari was awarded the George Cross for his heroism.

1947-48 Jammu & Kashmir Operations[edit]

Main article: Indo-Pakistani War of 1947
At the time of partition in 1947 Punjabi Musalmans who formed up to 50% of the strength in most battalions were transferred to the Pakistan Army. The gaps created by their departure were filled in by Gujjars, who came over from the Punjab Regiments which were allotted to Pakistan.
Four Rajput Regiments (1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th) participated in the 1947-48 operations in J&K. The 3 Rajput was the first to be inducted. Its original task was for protection of Ramban and Jammu, but it quickly came under 50 Para Brigade for its relief of Jhangar and Kotli. The advance from Jhangar to Kotli took five days, as the column had to clear 47 road blocks. After the relief of Kotli the column returned to Naushera. 1 Rajput was inducted next and it also formed a part of 50 Para Brigade at Naushera. It had its share of fighting in clearing the raiders from some hill features around Naushera. The raiders meanwhile kept heavy pressure on the Naushera Jhangar road and both 1 and 3 Rajputs fought a number of engagements to keep the road open. In December 1947, 4 Rajput were inducted and deployed in the Chammb- Akhnoor area. 2 Rajput came in next and were employed for L of C duties around Jammu.
Aggressive patrolling was done by 1 and 3 Rajputs around Naushera and Kot. On 6 February 1948 a strong patrol was sent out in the area east of Naushera. The patrol was surrounded by an enemy force of approximately 1000 men. Soon a fierce fight started which continued for seven hours. During this time Subedar Gopal Singh's platoon came under heavy pressure. Gopal Singh wounded thrice kept reorganizing his men time and again. At one time Gopal Singh got separated from his platoon and had only three men at his side, one of them was Sepoy Sikdar Singh. When things got tough Subedar Gopal Singh lead a bayonet charge during which he was seriously wounded. Sikdar Singh picked him up and carried him back to the main patrol area. Havildar Mahadeo Singh was another hero. He kept on supplying ammunition to the bren gunners of the platoon, couple of times he walked through heavy enemy fire to get the ammunition through. In one of his attempts he was wounded and fell down, when he scrambled to his feet he was riddled with bullets. In this action the 3 Rajput won 3 VrCs - one each to Subedar Gopal Singh and Sepoy Sikdar Singh and a posthumous one to Havildar Mahadeo Singh.
After the fall of Jhangar, Naushera became the enemy's next objective. Brigadier Mohammad Usman, 50 Para Brigade commander closely watched the situation and drew up defensive plans in which the Rajputs were holding tactical grounds around Naushera. C Company, 1 Rajput was holding the vital Taindhar position, which was vital for the defence of Naushera. Brig. Usman had directed C company to hold this position at any cost in case of an attack. On the early morning hours of 6 February 1948 the enemy attacked the Taindhar position. The enemy was about 1500 strong and consisted mostly of Pathans with some Pakistani servicemen. The enemy attacked in waves of lines of 200-300 men. Six such attacks were launched and there was heavy hand to hand fighting in some posts. Havildar Daya Ram who was then manning the 3-inch mortar detachment realised that the enemy had gotten very close to the defensive positions. He took the secondary charge out of the mortar bombs, elevated the mortars to their maximum limit and fired the bombs. These bombs landed within 30-50 yards of the Rajput defensive positions and caused havoc among the enemy. Some of the enemy switched and attacked Daya Ram's section, but the position held, Daya Ram was wounded and his bren gunner killed. He picked up the bren gun and started firing at the enemy, for his courage and actions Daya Ram was awarded the Maha Vir Chakra.
The left flank of C Company gave an easy approach to the enemy. This sector was defended by Naik Jadu Nath Singh and his section. The enemy after failing in the frontal attacks switched the main effort on this sector. Naik Jadu Nath Singheffectively directed the fire of his bren gun, rifles and grenades. The enemy, however still continued to advance, Jadunathrushed out of his defensive position throwing hand grenades and firing his sten gun, this took the enemy by surprise and he withdrew to regroup. The enemy regrouped and charged again, Naik Jadu Nath Singh again stood firm and charged out. He was wounded this time but the attack failed again. By this time his section had suffered heavy casualties. The enemy attacked again and Jadunath Singh charged out the third time firing his sten gun and hurling grenades. He was hit by two bullets, one in the head and another in the chest and at last fell making the supreme sacrifice. The enemy had lost heart after this and withdrew, leaving behind a large number of dead and wounded. Naik Jadu Nath Singh for his gallantry was awarded the Param Vir Chakra.

The 1950s[edit]

In 1950 there was another change among the infantry regiments. On raising of the Brigade of Guards, the 1st Rajput was transferred to them and became 4th Battalion Brigade of Guards. Also at this time Bengalis and Muslims started coming into the regiment. When the princely states were amalgamated with the Indian Union, the Bikaner Sadul Light Infantry and the Jodhpur Sardar Infantry joined the Rajput Regiment and became 19th and 20th Rajput respectively. The Bikaner Sadul Light Infantry traces its origin back to 1464. They fought under the legendary Rana Sanga at the Battle of Kanwa (1527) against Babur. During World War 1, this unit was organized as Camel Corps, called Ganga Risala. It won many gallantry awards including 1 DSO, 1 IOM, 11 IDSMs, 9 MMs and 16 Mentioned-in-Despatches. Jodhpur Sardar Infantry was raised in 1922. During World War 2 it was in Eritrea and then it was part of the American 5th Army when it landed at Salerno in Sept. 1943. Afterwards as part of the 10th Indian Division it operated along the Adriatic coast. During these operations it won 1 DSO, 1 MC, 3 MMs and 17 Mentioned-in-Despatches. 17 Rajputs was in Nagaland during the insurgency operations of 1955 and 1956. It carried forward the high traditions and won seven Kirti Chakras and two Shaurya Chakras.

1962 Indo-China War[edit]

Main article: Sino-Indian War
Two Rajput battalions witnessed some heavy fighting in NEFA in 1962. The 2nd Rajput under the command of Lt. Col. M.S. Rikh were at Walong in early 1962 and were moved to the banks of the Namka Chu river by 10 October as a part of 7 Infantry Brigade. The brigade was stretched on a twelve mile front along the Namka Chu, with the marching time from one end to the other being five days. The site chosen for their defences was forced upon them by the corps commander, who was working directly with the political authorities instead of the military chain of command. The battalion took up hastily erected defensive positions along the Namka Chu. The battalion was deployed in a trackless wilderness, where no mules could go and no civilian population lived which could help logistically. Lack of winter clothing added to the hardships of the men on these snowy heights. By the time the fighting commenced, the Chinese had occupied all the dominating heights in the area. A massive assault came on the Rajput front and in the fierce fighting that ensured, the battalion repulsed a number of determined attacks. The positions were soon enveloped from both sides and the battalion was cut off. In spite of heavy odds against them the Rajputs did not give in and fought until the end.
The story of gallantry beyond the call of duty was re-enacted in many platoons and companies. At the temporary bridge, Naik Roshan Singh's section clung doggedly to its position till every man was killed. Subedar Dasrath Singh's platoon was reduced to seven men and had exhausted its ammunition in repulsing three Chinese attacks. When the fourth Chinese attack came the Rajputs fixed bayonets and charged. In the ensuing hand to hand fighting four men were killed and the three survivors all seriously wounded were captured. Jemadar Bose's platoon was left with only 10 men after halting three Chinese attacks. He too fixed bayonets and charged. He along with most of his platoon were killed. For those interested in more details there is an excellent article in the 'Battles' section of Bharat Rakshak on this battle.
Not a single man from B, C or D Companies was awarded any gallantry medal as there was no one left to write the citations because there was no officer or JCO who was not killed or seriously wounded and taken POW. When the CO, Lt. Col. M.S. Rikh was released from the POW camp, he wrote up the citations but GoI and MoD made lame excuses and did not pay any attention to them. There is a memorial erected to those who fought at Namka Chu, which is a ricktey tin shed with names still missing from it and names of persons who were not there have been put up. Major B.K. Pant's company of 112 men had 82 killed and wounded. 2 Rajput, out of 513 all ranks in battle, 282 were killed, 81 were wounded and captured. 90 others were taken prisoners when they tried to break out. Only 60 other ranks, mostly from the administrative elements got back.
4 Rajput under Lt. Col. B. Avasthi was in the Sela-Bomdila area and it too had to face heavy odds. There was conflicting views among the senior commanders. The brigade commander wanted to hold Sela, but the divisional commander wanted to fall back. The divisional commander and the corps commander both agreed to withdraw. This led to total chaos during the retreat as the Chinese had bypassed many positions and ambushed parties of the soldiers withdrawing in a number of places. The battalion broke up into a number of parties, one led by Lt. Col. Avasti was ambushed and he was killed along with 300 men.

1965 Indo-Pak War[edit]

Main article: Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
After the Rann of Kutch affair, Pakistan switched its attempts towards Kargil and in May 1965 it attacked one of the Indian posts there. 4 Rajput as a part of 121 Infantry Brigade were ordered to capture Point 13620 and Black Rock (15000) also known as Kargil heights to remove any threat to the Srinagar-Leh highway. Both posts consisted of three parts and each of these features was held by a platoon plus of the enemy in addition to a section of 3" mortars and MMGs on Point 13620. On 17 May 1965, B Company under Major Baljit Singh Randhawa, infiltrated deep behind the enemy held posts and attacked them. A grim battles was the fought and the Rajputs were successful in evicting the enemy. The Rajputs were awarded a MVC to Maj. B.S. Randhawa (posthumous) and 3 VrCs, one each to Captain Ranbir Singh, Sepoy Budh Singh and a posthumous one to Havildar Girghari Lal. Black Rocks was captured by A Company in the second phase of the attack. As an act of goodwill by GOI these posts were handed back to the Pakistanis some weeks later. These were again recaptured by another battalion in August 1965.
In August, 4 Rajput were moved to the Hajipir area and Bisali feature was captured by them on the night of 4/5 September. This assault was carried out in face of heavy MMG, mortar and artillery fire. The Pakistanis launched five counterattacks and all these were beaten back. By this time the Rajputs had nearly exhausted all of their ammunition and with no hope of reinforcements, they had to withdraw to other defensive positions.
6 Rajput were in and around Srinagar dealing with the Pakistani infiltrators. A number of raids and ambushes were systematically carried out by them. After the infiltrator menace had died down, 6 Rajput moved to Ahknur area and came under 191 Infantry Brigade, which in turn was directly under HQ 15 corps. The battalion was supplied with RCL guns but without sights. When asking for the sights they were told to "see through the barrels and engage the Pakistani armour.'" The battalion held on to a number of forward posts in the area in face of repeated counterattacks and heavy shelling. Some time after the cease fire a Brigadier came around to see the 6 Rajput defences. He asked Naik Nanak Singh, who was in charge of an LMG position as to where his range card was, and how could he fire properly without knowing the primary and secondary arcs. The Naik replied that he would fire from where ever the enemy came. This annoyed the Brigadier and he said that the Naik was not a good NCO. Nanak Singh faced the Brigadier and said, "Sahib, jab golian chal rahi theen to dikhai nahin diye. Ab range card poochh rahe ho." (Sir, when the bullets were flying you were not to be seen and now you are asking for the range card!). That ended the matter.
14 and 20 Rajput were at the Phillora-Chawinda front and after the capture of Charwa on the border, 20 Rajput led the advance for the next 10 days. 17 Rajput were in the southern Lahore sector in the Bedian area.

1971 Indo-Pak War[edit]

Main article: Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
Rajput battalions played an active part in revolt of Bangladesh. Starting in West Bengal, near Calcutta and going about in a clockwise direction around Bangladesh the battalions were deployed as follows.
22 Rajput captured Akandabaria and cleared the way to capture Darsana. The Rajputs then led the brigade attack on Kushtia. The Pakistanis had built up the area around Kushtia and they let the Rajputs and the supporting tanks come forward into the area. They then opened up with heavy fire, the leading company of the Rajputs suffered heavy casualties.
16 Rajput participated in the Battle of Hilli and then led the brigade advance to Ghoraghat and on to Rangpur. 21 Rajput (Also Known as Veer Ekkis Rajput) spearheaded the move to Saidpur and fought in the battle of Pachagarh and Khansama during which there was fierce hand to hand fighting. 4 Rajput were in the area Kurigram-Kaligunj-Jaipurhat. 6 Rajput fought in the Sylhet area and led the advance towards Fenchunganj and Kola Bils. Heavy fighting took place at Kola Bils and the battalion suffered 100 casualties, but it obtained the surrender of 22nd Baluch Regiment. The battalion was awarded 1 VrC (posthumous) and 2 SMs for the action at Kola Bils.
18 Rajput were on the Akhaura-Ashuganj axis. Akhaura proved a tough nut to crack, fighting for it took nearly three days. After this the Rajputs rushed forward and captured the Titas bridge intact. They then attacked Ashuganj, which was cleared after a tough fight and moved on to Narsingdi and entered Dacca on 16 December. 20 Rajput operated in the Belonia bulge and captured Chaudagram and later moved to Chittagong.
On the western front, 20 Rajput (Jodhpur Sardar) were in their elements in the sands of Rajasthan. Covering a distance of 70 km in the first five days of the war the Rajputs reached Chachro. 15 Rajput was in the Fazilka area. It was involved in heavy fighting for the capture of Beriwala bridge and Ghazi post. It suffered heavy casualties during the attacks. Lance Naik Drigpal Singh received a posthumous MVC for his gallant actions. 14 Rajput saw action in the Khalra sector and 5 and 9 Rajputs were in the Chammb area. 9 Rajput operated in the Ratnu Chak area and carried out a number of raids, they also captured a couple of enemy posts.

1980 - Present[edit]

The Rajput regiment during Republic day parade.
Since the 1980s a number of Rajput battalions have been involved in CI operations in the North East, Punjab and Jammu and Kashmir. 4, 5 and 25 Rajputs formed a part of IPKF in Sri Lanka. In 1980, 18 Rajput transferred to the newly raised Mechanised Infantry Regiment as its 13th battalion. More recently, 27 RAJPUT battalion was raised at Fatehgarh (UP) 1988. His moto is Sarvada Sarv Shersht. 27 Rajput were involved in the fighting in the Kargil sector in 1999 and capture point 5770. After Kargil war battalion move to foreign Ethiopia & Eritrea as a part of United Nation Mission (UNMEE).
The Rajput Regimental center is in Fatehgarh, Uttar Pradesh. A war memorial was erected at Fatehgarh in 1932. It is in a form of a chattri, with its dome resting on six pillars, each representing a battalion at that time and bearing its crest. The regimental motto is Sarvatra Vijaya, which means Victory Everywhere and the war cry is raja ram chandra Ki Jai.

Portraits of Heroism[edit]

The honours and awards tally for the Rajputs is as follows (from Infantry in India):
  • Pre-Independence: 1 VC, 1 GC, 10 DSO, 33 MC, 10 IOM, 27 MM and 46 IDSM.
  • Post-Independence: 1 PVC, 1 AC, 7 MVC, 12 KC, 58 VrC, 20 SC, 67 SM, 4 YSM.

Naik Jadunath Singh[edit]

Param Vir Chakra was awarded to Naik Jadunath Singh, the acting C Company commander. During the thick of the battle he continuously visited the company positions and encouraged the men to fight in the Rajput tradition. The battle of Taindhar was vital for holding Naushera. After this battle, the Indian army consolidated its position and in March 1948 undertook the operation to recapture Jhangar. Both 1 and 3 Rajputs were in the column which captured Jhangar. In September 1948, 4 Rajput were moved to Zoji La as part of the 77 Para Brigade. The Rajputs along with tanks of 7th Cavalry cleared the way through the pass, they then went ahead and retook Dras.

Major B.K. Pant[edit]

Major B. K. Pant, commander 2nd Rajputs, was a fine example in courage displayed by the Indian soldier in the war with China in 1962. His company held fast against three waves of Chinese assaults and had suffered heavy casualties. Pant himself was wounded in the stomach and legs. Yet he continued to lead and inspire his men, exhorting them to fight till the end to the last man. The Chinese sensing that their obstacle in taking 2nd Rajputs lay with Major Pant, brought a volley of machine gun fire on his position killing him instantly. His last words were "Men of the Rajput Regiment, you were born to die for your country. God has selected this small river for which you must die. Stand up and fight like true Rajputs." He died proudly shouting the Rajput battle-cry: "Bajrang Bali ki Jai." The Chinese completely wiped out the two regiments of the Rajputs and the Gorkhas. 2nd Rajputs alone had 282 killed, 81 wounded and captured and 90 unwounded and captured out of their total strength of 513.

Affiliation[edit]

The affiliation between Navy ships and Army regiments was instituted in 1990 when the guided missile destroyer, "INS Rajput", was affiliated to the Rajput Regiment.

See also[edit]

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Saturday, 27 September 2014

rajput Great worriors of india........

rajput

Great worriors of india........

          The Rajputs are a a martial race and are the Hindu Princely Caste belonging to the Kshatriya or warrior varna. Apart from being an important factor in the social life of the Rajputs themselves, their clan system is also of interest for certain other reasons: land tenure studies in the Indian state of Rajasthan and tracing of ancient population shifts are only two fields where this topic would be of interestThe Rajputs are a a martial race and are the Hindu Princely Caste belonging to the Kshatriya or warrior varna. Apart from being an important factor in the social life of the Rajputs themselves, their clan system is also of interest for certain other reasons: land tenure studies in the Indian state of Rajasthan and tracing of ancient population shifts are only two fields where this topic would be of interest.
The Rajputs are divided into 36 clans, each clan belonging to one of three basic lineages (vanshas or vamshas):
  1. The Suryavanshi lineage, claiming descent from Surya, the Hindu Sun-god or in English it is known as Solar Dynasty;
  2. The Chandravanshi lineage,The Chandravanshi or Lunar dynasty lineage claims descent from Chandra (Moon or Budh). Hindu Chandra-Dynasty in English is known as Lunar Dynasty;
    1. The Yaduvanshi lineage are the major sub-branch of the Chandravanshi lineage. Lord Krishna was born a Yaduvanshi, who in turn ware from Chandravanshi dynasty.
    2. The PuruVanshi lineage, are sub branch of chandra vanshi rajputs. The Kurus and Pandus of Mahabharata war were Puruvanshis.
  3. The Agnivanshi lineage, claiming descent from Agni, the Hindu god of fire.Four Rajput clans are considered to be Agnivanshi.They are Chauhans,Paramara,Solanki and Pratiharas. 
     The Hindu God Rama belonged to Raghuvanshi kula /Raghav (one of the main branch of Suryavansha or Sun Dynasty) and God Krishna belonged to Chandravanshi or Lunar Dynasty. There were other dynasties also at the time of Rama and Krishna and Buddha. It is not necessary for every Rajput to belong to any particular one of these dynasties. They are listed and recorded for their outstanding record. There are many dynasties in India and out of it of Kshatriyas who were later known as Rajputs Some scholars also include Nagavanshi and Rishivanshi as separate lineages. The "Yaduvanshi"(yadav) lineage is actually a major branch of the "Chandravanshi" lineage: the Hindu god Krishna belonged to the Chandravansha, and his supposed descendents from the Yadav clan; others who claim descent from the moon-god but not from Krishna form the existing chandravansha lineage.
     Each of these Vanshas or lineages is divided into several clans (kula), all of whom claim direct patrilineage for a remote but common male ancestor who supposedly belonged to that Vansha. Some of these thirty-six main clans are further subdivided intoshakhas or "branches", again based on the same principle of patrilineage.
     Each shakha or basic sub-clan has its individual genealogical creed, describing the essential peculiarities, religious tenets and original domicile of the clan. This creed is a touchstone of traditional affinities and also provides all information governing the laws of intermarriage.

     There are thirty-six rajput clans. The following are further subdivided:Bargujar (Raghav), Bais, Guhila (Gehlot), Parmar,Naru, Chauhan, Nirwan, Paramara or Panwar,Solanki, Rathore,Tomar/ Tanwar, Kachwaha. The various subdivisions of these clans are detailed below.
     The other twenty-four clans are not divided further. These are: Sengar, Balla, Khurwur, Chawura, Dahima/Dayma/Pundir, Dahiya, Byce, Gherwal, Nikumpa, Dewut, Johiya, Sikarwar/Sikerwal, Dodiagh
     Mair Rajput or Mede Rajput (Punjabi language pronunciation) is the name of a oldest warriors from Aryan community of India. Mair, Meyer, Meir, Mayr, Medes and Khmer are same surname all over the World, many of them are Catholic, Jews and Muslim. In India Mair Rajputs are Hindu/Sikh by religion and comprise of the warrior race of Rajputs who had migrated from the regions of Ajmer-Merwara and Rajputana thousands of years ago. originally related to Mehrgarh, (Urdu: م‍ﮩ‍رگڑھ ) one of the most important Neolithic (7000 BCE to c. 2500 BCE) sites in archaeology, with the movement of the armies that brought Rajput rule over many parts of the country many in other times due to Islamic invasions on their homeland of Ajmer-Merwara (in present day Rajasthan) and had settled down in all over world several hundred years ago. According to Bhagvata, Mair Kshatriyas are one of the oldest. Mair Kshatriyas from Brahamaji vanshavali King Ajmeerd, Ajmer Jesalmer Badmer are some of ancient cities of mer or mair kshatriyas. After Golden age the Mahabharat fall of the Mairs Empire a power vacuum shortly existed in the region.(In the Sanskrit Mahabharat The Word MAIRBHUTI used for Rajas so many times), Kurukshetra War against the Kauravas which is detailed in the Hindu epic, the Mahabharata. In this war, the Kshatriyas assumed the role of warriors for either side of the battle,Dispersal and dissolving of Mairs resulted in a foreign forces invasion of most of India Many Kshatriyas/rajput were unemployed and wanted in the country by the Semitic intruders, so many were arrested and thereafter they were killed or kept as slave. Ancient Median Empires also belongs Indian mair kshatriyas.The Medes are credited with the foundation of the first Iranian empire, the largest of its day until Cyrus the Great established a unified Iranian empire of the Medes and Persians, often referred to as the Achaemenid Persian Empire, by defeating his grandfather and overlord, Astyages the shah of Media.
Sisodia
     The Sisodias suryavanshi Rajputs were also known as the Ranas of Mewar, old Ranas states are to be found in many parts of India, and Nepal. The earliest history of the clan calims that they had moved from Lahore that was also known as 'Lohkot' or 'Lavasthali' to Shiv Desh, or Chitor in V.S 191. In V.S 193 their ancestor Maharaja Kanak sen whose 21 had ruled over Lahore. Later he also defeated the Kushan Satrap Rudradama who ruled over Gujarat had moved to Gujarat on a punitive expedition against Dihraj Dev Parmar the ruler of Idar (Gujarat). There he established his capital Vallabhi. They trace their descent from Bappa Rawal, purported scion of the Guhilot or Guhila or Gehlot or Gahlot clan, who established himself as ruler of Mewar in 734 AD, ruling from the fortress of Chittor (or Chittorgarh). According to legend and clan history, Bappa grew up as a cowherd in the town of Kailashpuri (now Eklingji) but spent much of his time studying the Vedas in the hermitage of the sage Harita Rishi. He learned to respect Lord Eklingji, and later Harita Rishi gave him the title of the Diwan of Eklingji, one that has become a legacy for the succeeding maharanas. When he was 15 Bappa came to know that he was the nephew of the ruler of Chittor who had been ousted by the ruler of Malwa. He left Kailashpuri, went to the fortress city of Chittor and snatched his kingdom back from the prince of Malwa, Man Singh Mori. In the 9th century bad luck fell upon the Gehlots who were driven away by the Pratiharas who in turn made way for the Rashtrakutas and Paramaras
Bhati
     Bhati Rajputs are a chandravansh Rajput clan from the Jaiselmer region of western Rajasthan. The Maharajas of Jaisalmer trace their lineage back to Jaitsimha, a ruler of the Bhati Rajput clan. The major opponents of the Bhati Rajputs were the powerful Rathor clans of Jodhpur and Bikaner. They used to fight battles for the possession of forts, waterholes or cattle. Jaisalmer was positioned strategically and was a halting point along a traditional trade route traversed by the camel caravans of Indian and Asian merchants. The route linked India to Central Asia, Egypt, Arabia, Persia, Africa and the West.Bhati Rajputs were proficient horse riders,marksman and warriors. Their reign spread to the Punjab,Sindh and beyond, to Afghanistan. The City of Ghazni was named after a brave Bhatti warrior. In Lahore, a monument exists to this day, which is called the Bhati Gate, named so probably because it opens in the direction of the "Sandal Bar", an area ruled by Rai Sandal Khan Bhati Rajput.They earned too much by imposing the taxes levies on the passing Carvans.they were known as a great shooter with Gun.
Jadeja
     Jadeja(Gujarati: જાડેજા Hindi: जाडेजा) is the name of a major clan of (Yadav)[1]Yaduvanshi[citation needed][1] or Chandravanshi Rajputs. The Chandravanshi[2], claiming descent from Chandra, the Hindu Moon-god, in English known as the Lunar Dynasty. They ruled huge parts of Kathiawar peninsula and Kutch as kings and princes for several centuries.
Rathore
     Rathore(राठौड़) The Rathore or Rathor or Rathod is a Rajput tribe of India. Rathors in India are a Suryavansh Rajput clan from the Marwar region of western Rajasthan, inhabiting Idar state of Gujarat and also the Chhapra and Muzaffarpur districts of Bihar in very small numbers. In India, their native languages are Hindi and its dialects (such as Rajasthani, Marwari and other languages of Rajasthan, Gujarati and Kutchi in Gujarat, as well as Punjabi in the Punjab a dialect of Punjabi called Rathi spoken in Ratia and Tohana in present day Haryana.Rathore are the people from the west Rajasthan. Rathore's have many gotras, most of these gotras are from the name of the great warriors of the past and gotras are being used by their family members. Some of these gotras are: Jodha, Bidawat, Banirot, Champawat, mertiya and so forth. Rathore's were said to be the worshipers of sun. To understand the huge clan of Rathore's we will have understand their areas they occupy. Rathore's of Jodhpur were supreme in present districts such as - Jodhpur, Pali, Ajmer, Nagaur, Barmer, Sirohi. Rathore,s of Bikaner were occupant of the area that included districts Bikaner, Churu, Ganganagar, Hanumangarh. Dynasties belonging to this clan ruled a number of kingdoms and princely states in Rajasthan and neighbouring states before India's independence in 1947. The largest and oldest among these was Jodhpur, in Marwar and Bikaner. Also the Idar State in Gujrat. The Maharaja of Jodhpur, is regarded as the head of the extended Rathore clan of Hindu Rajputs. Even in the modern times the clout of this clan in the democratic world is such that a large number of MLAs and MPs have been elected from among them.
Katoch
     The Katoch clan is considered to be one of the oldest surviving clan in the world. They first find mention in the mythological Hindu epic The Mahabharta and the second mentions in the recorded history of Alexander the Great's war records. One of the Indian kings who fought Alexander on the river Beas was a Katoch king Parmanand Chandra famously known as Porus. In past centuries, they ruled several princely states in the region. The originator of the clan was Rajanaka Bhumi Chand. Their famous Maharaja Sansar Chand-II was a great ruler. The ruler Rajanaka Bhumi Chand Katoch founded the Jwalaji Temple (now in Himachal Pradesh).
Nirwan
     The Nirwan (also spelled as Chauhan) Their state was initially centered around khetri, khandela, alsisar malsisar,srimadhopur, alwar, jhunjhunu, sikar, churu, According to legend and clan history, the Nirwan are with Maharana Pratap against Akbar in Haldighati Battle. Nirwan's have many gotras, most of these gotras are Baloji, Pithoraji, Kaluji.Nirwan gotra is also found in yadava and jats
Kachwaha
     The Kachwaha (also spelled as Kachavāhā,Kacchavahas, Kachhawa, Kuchhwaha & Kushwah including Kacchapghata, Kakutstha, and Kurma) are a Suryavanshi Rajput clan who ruled a number of kingdoms and princely states in India such as Alwar, Maihar, Talcher, while the largest and oldest state was Amber (city) later known as Jaipur. The Pachrang flag of the former Jaipur state. Prior to the adoption of the Pachrang (five coloured) flag by Raja Man Singh I of Amber, the original flag of the Kachwahas was known as the 'Jharshahi' (tree-marked) flagJaipur(Jainagara), an extension of the old kingdom of Amber, was founded by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II in 1727.The Maharaja of Jaipur is regarded as the head of the extended Kachwaha clan. Overall, sub-clans of the Kachwaha number around 71. Prominent sub-clans of the Kachhawa clan include: Rajawat, Shekhawat, Sheobramhpota, Naruka, Nathawat, Khangarot and Kumbhani. The Kachhawas belong to the Suryavanshi lineage, which claims descent from the Surya and Sun Dynasty of the ancient Kshatriyas. Specifically, they claim descent from Kusha[1] younger of the twin sons of Rama, hero of the Ramayana, to whom patrilineal descent from Surya is in turn ascribed. Indeed, the name Kachawaha is held by many[2] to be a patronymic derived from the name "Kusha". Prominent Sub-clans are Shekhawat, Naruka, Rajawat, Nathawat, Kalyanot, Jamwal, Minhas, Manhas, Baghel, Jasrotia, Nindar.
Solankis
     Solankis were descended from the Chalukyas of Karnataka who ruled much of peninsular India between the 6th and 12th centuries. In the 10th century, a local branch of the clan established control over Gujarat and ruled a state centered around the town of Patan. They went into decline in the 13th century and were displaced by the Vaghela.
Paramaras
     Paramara were near-neighbours of the Solankis. They originated as feudatories of the Rashtrakutas and rose to power in the 10th century. They ruled Malwa and the area at the border between present-day Gujarat and Rajasthan. Bhoja, the celebrated king of Malwa, belonged to this dynasty. In the 12th century, the Paramaras declined in power due to conflict with the Solankis and succumbed to attack from the Delhi sultanate in 1305.
Dhudhi
Dhudhi is a sub-clan of Parmaras ,they are one of the bravest and turbulant clan of Rajputs.They are mostly found in the Bar regions of sutlej and beas now in pakistan. most of them are muslims.when Dehli empire was braking up they spread along the rivers , one of them Hazrat Haji Sher Muhammad was a saint whose shrine in multan division near burewalla is still renowned.Hazrat Shah Hussain Lahori also belongs to this clan.Many wars were waged by them during the time of Mughal emperors and in British Raj. According to the puranas their geneological tree starts from Raja Vikaramajeet and Raja Jagdev of Dharanagar and Raja Bhoj.
  The Rever's were of the State of Tarangagadh. The sword of Rever is known in the history of war in 11th century. They ruled Taranga and the area at the border between present-day Gujarat and Rajasthan belonged to this dynasty.
Chandelas
In the early 10th century, the Chandelas ruled the fortress-city of Kalinjar. A dynastic struggle (c.912-914 CE) among the Pratiharas provided them with the opportunity to extend their domain. They captured the strategic fortress of Gwalior (c.950) under the leadership of Dhanga (ruled 950-1008).
Tomars or Tanwars
Tomar or Tuvars, or Tanwars, are Chandravanshi Rajputs, and descended from Mahabharat's great hero, Arjun, through his son Abhimanyu, and grandson, Parikshat. Chakravarti Samrat (King) Yudhishtra, founded Indraprastha, present day Delhi. Tomars (King Anangpal Tomar) conquered and re-established the Delhi Kingdom in CE 792 and founded the city of 'Dhillika,' (modern Delhi). Besides Delhi, Tomar's rule covered western U.P. and most of present day Haryana and Punjab. Tomar's rule lasted until CE 1162 when last Tomar King Anangpal II appointed Prithviraj Chauhan, his grandson (his daughter's son), and King of Ajmer- as 'catetaker,' since his own sons were very young at that time. According to the accounts kept by Tomar/ Tanwar 'Jagas,' King Anangpal Tomar appointed Prithviraj Chauhan as caretaker only when he went on a religious pilgrimage. It is also said by Tanwar 'Jagas' that when King Anangpal returned, Prithviraj refused to hand over the kingdom to him. It is worth mentioning that 'Jagas' are a caste in Rajasthen who are hereditary keepers of genealogical records of Rajputs, and present 'Jagas' of Tomar/Tanwar Rajputs reside near Jaipur, Rajasthan.
Naru
The Narus of Hoshiarpur District claim that their ancestor was a Surajbansi Rajput of Muttra, named Nipal Chand, and descended from Raja Ram Chand. He was converted in the time of Mahmud of Ghazni and took the name of Naru Shah. Naru Shah setteled at Mau in Jalandhar, Whence his son, Ratan Pal, founded Phillaur hence founded the four Naru parganas of Hariana, Bajwara, Sham Chaurasi and Ghorewaha in Hoshiarpur and that of Bahram in Jullunder. The chief men of these parganas are still called Rai or Rana. Some kept Brahmans of the Baadeo got.
Mahmud of Ghazni conquered the country on both sides of the Sutlej, and placed Talochar in charge of it. After leaving Mau he made Bajwara his capital, but the attacks made on him by the hill chiefs compelled him to invoke Mahmud’s aid, and Pathan troops were sent him who were cantoned along the foot of the Siwaliks and are still settled there. Rana Sihra, Naru Khan’s descendant in the fifth generation, returned to Ajudhia, whence Talochar had come, and re-conquered his ancient kingdom, over which he appointed a viceroy. He died at his way back to Punjab at Sunam. His third descendant Rana Mal, had five sons-Kilcha, Bhoja, Dhuni, Massa and Jassa, who divided the territory. Kilcha got the Hariana ilaqa with 750 villages, including Nandachuar, Bahram, Bulhowal, with the title of Tika. Bhoja got Bajwara, Sham Chaurasi, Ahrana, Ajram, Baroti and their dependent villages. Dhuni got the Dhuniat, i.e., Patti, Khanaura, Muna, Badla, Harta, etc. Naru Khan’s grandson Baripal had already seized Bhangala, and Dasuya. Basically naru rajputs are surajbansi rajputs.Historically they are from Rajastan and many of them now living in punjab.They are now mostly muslims.Some are in pakistan and few ones are living in india.In pakistan they mostly found in Sialkot,lahore,shiekhupura,gujranwala.They use the title Rana and someone's use chaudry.In Sialkot they mostly found in Tehsil Pasrur.Naru rajput's of pasrur claim that their ancestors belong from royal family of rajastan.Naru is the sub name of raja nipal chand who capture the phillaur fort in ludhiana.some of the naru's migrated towards punjab after the partition and some settled there.In pakistan mostly are in ploitics and serving in armed forces

Dhanetiya
In A.D.685 Chakravarti Manik Rae Chauhan who we consider as the founder of the great chauhan recovered Ajmer and Sambhar in Rajputana. Prithviraj chauhan , the descendant of Manik rae chauhan emperor of Northern India. He has many progeny, he established many dynasties throughout rajwaras father of the various tribes such as Dhanetiya,Bhaduria etc.these all are the descendant of Manik Rae Chauhan.These are all emerged from Agni that’s why known as Agnivanshi or Agnikulas. Mostly having the Vatsa gotras.Dhanetiya's setteled at shahabhad in kota laterly they came under hada's of koth or kota
Chauhans
Chauhans originated as feudatories of the Pratiharas and rose to power in the wake of the decline of that power. Their state was initially centered around Sambhar in present-day Rajasthan. In the 11th century, they founded the city of Ajmer which became their capital. In the 12th century, their the then King Prithviraj Chauhan acquired Delhi from his maternal grand father,the then Tomar King Anangpal II Tomar (see above under Tomars or Tanwars). Their most famous ruler was Prithviraj Chauhan, who won the First Battle of Tarain against an invading Muslim army but lost the Second Battle of Tarain the following year. This loss heralded a prolonged period of Muslim rule over northern India.

 Suryavanshi

  • Ahra or Aharya
  • Bargujar :BARGUJARS originated from Ram's son lava Lavs son was badujjwal, after his name they were started to be known as badgujars(dettoriated pronucation of badujjwal) Till 11th century they ruled big part of Rajasthan including Dhundar, now called jaipur, Dausa, Alwar,JANGLADESH now called Bikaner and churu. Kachawas established them after snatching power from bargujars . They never compromised to mughal demands and fough many battels with them, thus reduced in great numbers* . sub branches are- khadad, madad, taparia, lawtamia
Bais Rajput
  • Bacchas (Delhi)
  • Bersal or Barsal or Basarwal
Rajgan Pathankot,Gurduspar,Nurpur,Kangra

 Agnivanshi

 Chandravanshi

Mair Rajputs ( Found mainly in Punjab, Gujrat, Rajsthan and Some part of Pakistan)
Origin:
The Mair Rajputs are  Gold Smiths who were worriors on previously. The word "Mair" (Mér), also means to used for Tribals. The word  is derived from the Sanskrit word for a mountain or hill. The word "Mairs" therefore signifies those who reside in the mountains, or hills.
The Mair Rajputs had origins somewhere in Rajasthan, around Ajmer.  The Mair Rajputs have some kind of connection to the Chauhan Rajput tribe. This is the reason why many Mair Rajput families write their last name as Chauhan, even though their gothra may be something else.They  eventually adopted the goldsmith profession after centuries of being warriors.
Achievments:
Mairs were playing a crucial part in India's defense long ago. The interaction between the Mairs and Chauhans lends weight to one of my original hypotheses and the Mair defense of Ajmer confirms the hypothesis of the Mairs originating from Ajmer. In addition, They were  Rajput tribe.
Various Gotras (Vertical Sub-division):

  •  
  • ·         Ahat
  • ·         Ahi
  • ·         Ajipal
  • ·         Alu
  • ·         Ashat
  • ·         Achi
  • ·         Adhupiya
  • ·         Ajwal
  • ·         Babbar
  • ·         Bachcha
  • ·         Badra
  • ·         Bagga
  • ·         Baghel
  • ·         Bagri
  • ·         Bahrawal
  • ·         Bajania
  • ·         Ballan
  • ·         Barare
  • ·         Basaan
  • ·         Buttan
  • ·         Bir
  • ·         Bham
  • ·         Bhashaan
  • ·         Bhodla
  • ·         Bhulla
  • ·         Bhutta
  • ·         Bohr
  • ·         Brajpal
  • ·         Buland
  • ·         Buttar(Butra)
  • ·         Bageshwar
  • ·         Begal
  • ·         Bhajwa
  • ·         Bhamber
  • ·         Bhatala
  • ·         Bhatwar
  • ·         Chalagni
  • ·         Changeri
  • ·         Chauhan
  • ·         Chatrana
  • ·         Chamras
  • ·         Chhahrawa
  • ·         Chhurga
  • ·         Dadar
  • ·         Dahli
  • ·         Dahm
  • ·         Dasaur(Desor)
  • ·         Dasamedhia
  • ·         Dawar
  • ·         Dhalla
  • ·         Dhariwal
  • ·         Dharma
  • ·         Dharna
  • ·         Dhunna(Dhuna)
  • ·         Dhupar(Dhoopa)
  • ·         Dur, Dhuma
  • ·         Daangar
  • ·         Dahela,
  • ·         Dala,
  • ·         Dalal,
  • ·          Dhaya,
  • ·          Dhera,
  • ·          Dhooliya,
  • ·         Dholiyan,
  • ·          Dhorana,
  • ·          Gogar, 
  • ·         Gogna ,
  • ·         Gogta,
  • ·         Gohngla,
  • ·         Gori,
  • ·         Gund, 
  • ·         Gajjar,
  • ·         Gotiyan,
  • ·         Hira,
  • ·          Jala,
  • ·         Jahlu
  • ·         (Jhalu),
  • ·         Jalur, 
  • ·         Jaura ,
  • ·         Jhangi, 
  • ·         Jhangli,
  • ·          Jhatiwal,
  • ·         Jhingoa,
  • ·         Julpan,
  • ·          Jajoriya,
  • ·         Jalagaria,
  • ·         Janglawa,
  • ·         Jatyan,
  • ·         Jhajhora,
  • ·         Jhoonda,
  • ·         Kuchhera (Kachiyara),
  • ·          Kakka,
  • ·          Kanda,
  • ·          Kandiwal,
  • ·         Karor, 
  • ·         Karwal,
  • ·         Kashiari,
  • ·         Khepal, 
  • ·         Khich ,
  • ·         Khokhal,
  • ·         Khori, 
  • ·         Khungar(Khangar) ,
  • ·         Khurmi,
  • ·         Kunjhai, 
  • ·         Kalwa,
  • ·          Kanak,
  • ·          Kangra,
  • ·          Kanwar,
  • ·          Khajuria,
  • ·         Khajwal,
  • ·         Kikyan,
  • ·         Kukra,
  • ·         Ladhar(Lodhar, Luddhar) ,
  • ·         Ledha,
  • ·         Lota,
  • ·         Luthra,
  • ·         Main ,
  • ·         Malhaddi,
  • ·         Malpana,
  • ·         Mahaich, 
  • ·         Mandhari ,
  • ·         Mannan, 
  • ·         Masaun ,
  • ·         Maston, 
  • ·         Mitru , 
  • ·         Modan,
  • ·         Mukara,
  • ·         Mahesh,
  • ·         Manda,
  • ·         Nagora,
  • ·         Nahal,
  • ·         Narnori, 
  • ·         Nischal , 
  • ·         Nakhla,
  • ·         Nagrana,
  • ·         Narnauli,
  • ·         Odar(Udera),
  • ·         Paham, 
  • ·         Pajji ,
  • ·         Pidri,
  • ·         Phaur,
  • ·         Partola,
  • ·         Pikhi, 
  • ·         Plaud , 
  • ·         Pancham,
  • ·         Parwala,
  • ·         Rajpal,
  • ·         Rangar,
  • ·         Ranman,
  • ·         Ratti, 
  • ·         Roda ,
  • ·         Rudke, 
  • ·         Rudra,
  • ·         Sadhiora (Sehdev),
  • ·         Sarwana,
  • ·         Sarna,
  • ·         Sanderia, 
  • ·         Shinh(Sinh),
  • ·         Sedha,
  • ·         Seedha,
  • ·         Siri,
  • ·         Sunik,
  • ·         Sachchu (Suchchu), 
  • ·         Sur ,
  • ·         Susa,
  • ·         Tarriwal,
  • ·         Thakran, 
  • ·         Tunwa,
  • ·         Tohaj,
  • ·         Toshawar,
  • ·         Tukrada,  
  • ·         Udera(Odar),
  • ·         Vaid,
  • ·         Vichcha,
  • ·         Waddar
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